书法(calligraphy)是中ꢀ文化的精髓。
书法ꢀ中ꢀ随处可见，与日常生活紧密相连。
书

法作品能装点客厅、书房和卧室。
它是将汉字写ꢀ吸水性良好的宣纸 (Xuan paper)上，

然后将作品贴ꢀ一ꢀ镶有丝绸边的厚纸上，安上卷轴(scroll)或用画框装裱起来挂ꢀ墙

上。
书法作品通常是一首诗、一副对联或主人很喜欢的座右铭。
主人亲自书写的作品

将体现他的愿望、兴趣以及文学或艺术才华。
一幅书法作品可以给白色的墙壁增添活

力，为宾客友人带来快乐。

参考译文：

Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture. It can be found everywhere in China, and is

closely linked to daily life. Calligraphic works decorate sitting rooms, studies and

bedrooms. The Chinese characters are written on Xuan paper which is good at absorbing

ink. The work will be pasted on a piece of thick paper with a silk edge, and then mounted

on a scroll or put into a picture frame for hanging on the wall. Usually, a calligraphic work

contains a poem, a pair of couplets, or a motto the owner likes very much. If the calligraphic

work is written by the owner himself, it will demonstrate his wish and interest as well as

his literary or artistic talent. A calligraphic work can bring vitality to the white wall,

pleasure to guests and friends.

01、 指南针

中ꢀ是世界上公认发明指南针的ꢀ家。
早ꢀ 2400 多年前，中ꢀ人就创造出世界上最

早的指南针。
后来经过不断改进，到宋朝(the Song Dynasty)人们制造出铁针指南针并

应用于航海。
中ꢀ是第一个ꢀ海船上使用指南针的ꢀ家。
指南针为明代 (the Ming

Dynasty)郑和下西洋提供了条件。
后来指南针传入欧洲，推动了欧洲航海事业的发展

为，哥伦布(Columbus)的航行提供了技术ꢀ证。

参考译文：

China is universally recognized as the country having invented the compass. As early as

2,400 years ago, Chinese people created the earliest compass in the world. Later it was

further improved continuously. During the Song Dynasty, people produced the compass

with iron needles and applied it in navigation. China is the first country to use the compass

on seagoing ships. The compass provided aid for Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean

in the Ming Dynasty. Later the compass spread into Europe, promoting the development of

the European marine industry and guaranteeing technical support for Columbus' navigation.

02、 造纸术

ꢀ古代，著作和铭文(inscription)通常写ꢀ竹片或丝绸上。
但丝绸昂贵，竹片太重，使

用起来都不方便。
后来蔡伦开创了用树皮造纸的方法。
传统上人们认为他是纸张和造

纸术的发明者。
尽管公元前 2 世纪中ꢀ就已经有了早期的纸，但蔡伦促成了纸张的首

次重大改进，并通过添加至关重要的新材料使造纸过程标准化。
蔡伦发现了造纸材料

的组合方式，发明了造纸术。
这项发明使蔡伦闻名于世，甚至使他ꢀ有生之年就已经得到了认可。

参考译文：

In ancient times, writing works and inscriptions were generally written on tablets of

bamboo or on pieces of silk. But silk being costly and bamboo heavy, they were both not

convenient to use. Then Cai Lun initiated the method of making paper with the bark of trees.

Traditionally, he is regarded as the inventor of paper and the technique of papermaking.

Although early forms of paper had already existed in China since the 2nd century BC, he

fostered the first significant improvement and standardization of papermaking by adding

essential new materials into papers composition. Cai found the composition of paper and

invented the technique of papermaking. Cai was reputed for this invention in the world, and

even in his own lifetime he was already given recognition for it.

03、 中华老字号

中华老字号(China centuries-old/time-honored brands)是指那些历史悠久并拥有良好信

誉的中国企业。
这些企业往往具有鲜明的中华民族传统文化特征，拥有高品质的产品、

技艺或服务，取得广泛的社会认同。
同仁堂(Tongrentang)和全聚德(Quanjude)均属北京

的老字号。
同仁堂创建于 1669 年，其药品以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效享誉海内

外。
以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于 1864 年，是中国著名的饭店。

参考译文：

China time-honored brands refer to Chinese companies that have a long history as well as

a good reputation. With distinct characteristics of traditional Chinese culture, they get

extensive public recognition by offering good-quality products, techniques or services.

Both Tongrentang and Quanjude are the time-honored brands in Beijing. Tongrentang was

founded in 1669，and its medical products have enjoyed a good reputation both at home

and abroad for excellent traditional manufacturing techniques and good effects. Founded in

1864 and well-known for its Bejing roast ducks, Quanjude is a famous restaurant in China.

04、 印刷术

印刷术发明之前，想出版新书的学者必须一字一字地抄写。
北宋时期，经过多年的实

验，毕昇发明了活字印刷术(movable-type printing)。
他把汉字刻在一小块泥胚(pieces

of clay)上，加热汉字直到其变成硬的活字。
印书时,人们按顺序将活字摆在一起，印出

印迹。
印刷完后，他们把字分开，以后重复使用。
这种方法既经济又省时。
中国的活

字印刷术首先向东传至朝鲜和日本，之后向西传至波斯(Persia)和埃及，最后传遍全球。

活字印刷术发明促进了世界各国的文化交流。

参考译文：

Before printing was invented，a scholar had to copy characters one by one if he wanted to

publish a new book. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented movable-type

printing after many years of experimentation. He engraved the characters on small pieces

of clay and heated them until they became hard movable characters. When printing a book，

people placed the moveable characters in order into a whole block and then ran off a print.

After printing, they took the block apart and reused the characters later. This method wasboth economical and time-saving. China's movable-type printing first spread eastward into

Korea and Japan, then westward into Persia and Egypt, and at last, around the world. The

invention of movable-type printing greatly promoted cultural exchanges among countries

all over the world.

05、 圆明园

圆明园(Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden)位于北京西郊，于 1708 年开始兴建。
经过几十

年的建造、装饰和改建，圆明园成为当时世界上最出色的园林之一。
圆明园继承了中

国园林建筑的传统，把不同风格的园林建筑融为一体，充分体现出和谐与完美。
除此

之外，圆明园在世界园林建筑史上也占有非常重要的地位。
遗憾的是，经过几场战争，

今天的圆明园只是一片废墟。

参考译文：

Located in the west suburb of Beijing, Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden was first constructed

in 1708. After decades of construction, decoration, and reconstruction, Yuanmingyuan

Imperial Garden had become one of the most excellent gardens in the world at that time. It

earned forward the tradition of Chinese garden building by combining garden architectures

of different styles to give full expression of harmony and perfectness. Besides this,

Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden also had a very important position in the world history of

garden architecture. It is a pity that after several wars, today's Yuanmingyuan Imperial

Garden is only a heap of ruins.

06、 中国高铁

中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。
高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更

多的城市将修建高铁站。
高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。
相对飞机而言，高铁列车

的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。
高铁极大地改变了中国

人的生活方式。
如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。
越来越多的人也

在假日乘高铁外出旅游。
还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每

天乘高铁上下班。

参考译文：

China now is home to the largest and fastest high-speed rail network in the world. The

speed of the CRH (China Railway High-Speed) train will continue to increase and more

cities will build high-speed rail stations. The CRH train has greatly reduced people's travel

time. Compared with the airplane, the outstanding advantage of the CRH train is punctuality,

because it is basically not affected by weather or traffic control. It has transformed the way

people live and become the favorite option for business travelers today. More and more

people also travel by CRH train during holidays. Many young people choose to work in one

city but live in a nearby one since they can commute by CRH train every day.

07、 共享汽车

共享汽车新能源汽车共享项目已在北京、上海等多个城市展开。
这种新型的服务有望

在未来几年为中国分享经济注入新的活力。
要享受共享汽车服务，你需要先下载客户

端，然后注册会员，上传本人身份证和驾照实物照片。
经审核通过并交纳押金（deposit）后，即可通过扫描二维码（QR code）使用租车服务。
押金主要用于车辆损坏、违章以

及发生行政处罚所产生的费用。
租车费用依据实际里程（mileage）和实际用车时间计

算。

参考译文：

The new energy vehicle-sharing project has been launched in Beijing, Shanghai and other

cities. This new type of service is expected to add new vitality into China's sharing economy

in the next few years. To enjoy the car-sharing service, you need to first download the App,

then register to become a member and upload photos of your ID card and your driver's

license. After passing the review and paying the deposit, you can use the car-sharing service

by scanning the QR code. The deposit is mainly used for paying fees arising from car

damage, violations of regulations and administrative punishment. The car rental is charged

according to the actual mileage and the usage time.

09、皮影戏

皮影戏(shadow play)是中国的一种民间艺术，拥有悠久的历史。
皮影戏所需要的演员

是用牛皮做的皮影人形，由一个或几个人控制着，并用光将它们反射到幕布上。
皮影

戏在陕西和甘肃地区最为流行，经常在庙会、婚礼和葬礼等场合演出。
皮影戏是用来

驱邪的，人们希望皮影戏的演出能给他们带来好运。
精致生动的皮影人形已经成为一

种收藏品，深受外国人的喜爱。

参考译文：

Shadow play is a form of Chinese folk art with a long history. The actors or actresses in a

shadow play are figures made of cow leather. Being controlled by one or several persons,

these figures are reflected via a light on the screen. Shadow play is most popular in the area

of Shanxi and Gansu Provinces and often performed in the temple fairs, wedding

ceremonies and funeral ceremonies, etc. With the purpose of driving out evil spirits, people

wish that the performance of shadow play will bring them good fortune. Delicate and vivid

shadow figures have become a kind of collection and are greatly loved by foreigners.

10、 桂林

桂林是中国著名的风景旅游城市。
它位于广西东北部，面积有 2.78 万平方公里，人口

500 万 。
拥 有 2000 多 年 历 史 的 桂 林 还 是 一 个 历 史 文 化 名 城 。
自 北 宋

(the Northern Song Dynasty)以来，桂林就已成为广西的政治、经济及文化中心。
桂林

山水以山青、水秀、洞奇、石美闻名天下;桂林的交通、通讯和住宿都非常便利发达。

因此每年有成千上万的国内外游客来到桂林旅游。

参考译文：

Guilin is China's well-known tourist scenic city. Located in the northeast of Guangxi, Guilin

covers an area of 27,800 square kilometers with a population of 5 million. Guilin is also a

famous historic and cultural city with a history of over 2,000 years. Guilin has been the

center of politics, economy, and culture of Guangxi since the Northern SongDynasty. Guilin

scenery is famous for its green mountains, clear water, magic holes, and beautiful stones.

The transportation, communication, and accommodation in Guilin are convenient and welldeveloped. Therefore, thousands of tourists from home and abroad are attracted to travel

here every year.

11、 乌镇

乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河河畔。
这是一处迷人的地方，有许多

古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。
在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，

是一座展现古文明的博物馆。
乌镇所有房屋都用石木建筑。
数百年来，当地沿着河边

建起了住宅和集市。
无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊

喜的发现。

参考译文：

Wuzhen is an ancient "Waterside" in Zhejiang, located in the bank of Jing Hang Canal. This

is a charming place where there are many old bridges, hotels in Chinese style and

restaurants. Over the past 1,000 years, there were no obvious changes in the water systems

and lifestyles in Wuzhen, which is a museum that shows the ancient civilizations. All

buildings in Wuzhen are built by stones and woods. For hundreds of years, local people

have built up houses and markets along the riverside. Countless beautiful and capacious

yards are hidden between houses. And visitors will be surprised when they see them.

12、中国画

国画(Chinese painting)是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。
绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨

在纸张或丝绸上作画。
根据表现手法，国画可分为写意派(the Xieyi school)和工笔派

(the Gongbi school)两大类。
写意派以自由表达和形式夸张为特点；工笔派则注重以精

细的笔法描绘细节。
山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。
纵观历史，不同时期的国画都

相应地反映出人们的社会意识。

参考译文：

Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting is done

on paper or silk with a brush dipped in black or colored ink. According to the means of

expression, Chinese paintings can be divided into two categories which are the Xieyi school

and the Gongbi school. The Xieyi school is characterized by free expression and

exaggerated forms, while the Gongbi school attaches importance to detail with fine

brushwork. Landscape painting is widely regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting.

Throughout history, the Chinese paintings at different times mirror people's social

consciousness accordingly.

13、 港珠澳大桥

港珠澳大桥( Hong Kong-zhuhai-macau Bridge)全长 55 公里，是我国一项不同寻常的工

程壮举。
大桥将三个城市连接起来，是世界上最长的跨海桥粱和隧道系统。
大桥将三

个城市之间的旅行时间从 3 小时缩短到 30 分钟。
这座跨度巨大的钢筋混凝土大桥充

分证明中国有能力建造创纪录的巨型建筑。
它将助推区域一体化，促进经済増长。
大

桥是中国发展自己的大湾区总体规划的关键。
中国希望将大湾区建成在技术创新和经

济繁荣上能与旧金山、纽约和东京的湾区相媲美的地区。
参考译文：

With a total length of 55 kilometers, the Hong Kong-zhuhai-macau Bridge is an

extraordinary engineering in our country. As the longest cross-sea bridge and tunnel system

in the world, the bridge connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau, shortening the

traveling time among the three cities from 3 hours to 30 minutes. This reinforced concrete

bridge with huge spans fully proves that China has the ability to build record-breaking huge

construction. It will enhance regional integration and promote economic growth. The

bridge is the key to China’s development of its own master plan for the Great Bay Area.

China hopes to build the Great Bay Area into an area comparable to the Bay Areas of San

Francisco, New York and Tokyo in terms of technological innovation and economic

prosperity.

14、 社群学习

社群学习在消费升级（upgrade）下的新时代，在线教育市场变得越来越成熟，付费社

群模式正引领潮流。
总体来说，付费社群学习内容具有专业性、稀缺性和系统性等特

性 。
付 费 社 群 模 式 兼 顾 学 习 内 容 的 深 度 和 系 统 性 ， 因 而 拥 有 更 强 的 用 户 黏 性

（engagement）。
一个好的付费社群不仅能在知识含量上满足用户的需求，还能为用户

提供系统性高质量的内容。

参考译文：

In the new era of consumption upgrades, the online education market is becoming

increasingly mature, and the paid community model is setting the trend. On the whole,

learning materials provided by paid communities have distinct characteristics including

professionalism, scarcity, and being systematic. This model provides users with learning

materials that are both systematic and concerned with the depth and therefore has stronger

user engagement. A good paid community can not only meet the needs of users in terms of

the quantity of the contents, but also provide users with systematically organized contents

of high quality.

15、唐朝

唐朝(the Tang Dynasty)是普遍公认的中国最辉煌的时期之一。
唐朝时期许多领域得到

了巨大的发展。
唐朝的疆域在军事扩张下已超过了汉朝(the Han Dynasty)。
农业和灌

溉工具有了很大的进步，农业经济十分发达。
在商业上，唐朝与更多国家有了贸易往

来。
唐朝也是文学和艺术的黄金时期。
盛唐时期出现了整整一代文学巨匠，其中包括

唐诗“双圣”李白和杜甫。

参考译文：

The Tang Dynasty is universally recognized as one of the most glorious periods in China.

It has seen great progress in many fields. The territory in the Tang Dynasty, acquired

through military expansion, was greater than that in the Han Dynasty. Great advances have

been made in agriculture and irrigation tools, making a prosperous agricultural economy.

In business, the Tang Dynasty had trade contacts with more countries. The Tang Dynasty

was also the golden age of literature and arts. In the high tang period, there appeared a

whole generation of literary giants including LiBai and Du Fu, the twin masters of Tangpoetry.

16、 景泰蓝

景 泰 蓝 (Jing Tai Lan/Chinese cloisonne) 是 中 国 的 一 种 传 统 艺 术 品 。
因 其 在 明 朝

(the Ming Dynasty)景泰年间盛行，而且以蓝色为主，故而得名“景泰蓝”。
它采用一些

贵重金属作为原材料，集绘画、工艺、艺术为一体。
景泰蓝典雅精美，具有独特的民

族风格和浓厚的文化韵味。
在明清两朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties), 景泰蓝都是皇家

专用的器物饰品，象征着尊贵与财富。
景泰蓝也在此时开始随着商船走向海外。

参考译文：

Jing Tai Lan is a kind of Chinese traditional works of art. It got the name because it was

very popular during the years of Jing Tai in the Ming Dynasty with blue as its main color.

It uses some precious metals as raw materials, combining painting, craft, and art. JingTai

Lan is elegant and beautiful with a unique national style and rich cultural flavor. During

the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tai Lan was the decorative article owned only by royal

families, a symbol of being noble and wealthy. Also at that time, Jing Tai Lan began to go

overseas with trade ships.

17、长江

长江，又名扬子江(the Yangtze River)，全长 6300 多千米，是中国第一大河，世界第三

大河。
长江发源于青藏高原(the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau),流经多个省市。
因富产粮食，长

江中下游被称为“中华文明的摇篮” (the cradle of Chinese civilization)。
长江两岸风景

优美，有众多的名胜古迹。
千百年来，长江在农业、工业、运输及战争中发挥着重要

的作用。
然而近年来，长江遭受了工业污染和湖泊流失，并由此引发了季节性洪水。

参考译文：

The Changjiang River, or the Yangtze River, has a total length of more than 6,300 km. It is

the longest river in China and the third-longest one in the world. It rises in the Qinghai￾Tibet Plateau and flows through many provinces and cities. The middle and lower reaches

of the river have been called the cradle of Chinese civilization for their abundance of food

produced. Along the two sides of the river is beautiful scenery with many scenic spots and

historical sites. For thousands of years, the river has been playing an important role in

agriculture，industry, transportation, and war. But in recent years, the river has suffered

from industrial pollution and loss of lakes, which has brought seasonal floods.

18、红楼梦

《红楼梦》(A Dream of Red Mansions)写成于 18 世纪，是中国著名的古典长篇小说。

小说共计 120 回，前 80 回的作者是曹雪芹，后 40 回由高鹗完成。
通过对贾氏封建大

家族(feudal clan)生活的生动描述《红楼梦》展示了清朝(the Qing Dynasty)封建社会的

兴衰。
小说塑造了大量的人物，其中主要人物就将近 40 个。
以该小说为题材的艺术

作品很多，其中最成功的当属 1987 年由王扶林导演的电视连续剧《红楼梦》。

参考译文：

Written in the 18th century, A Dream of Red Mansions is a famous Chinese classical novel.In this 120-chapter novel, the first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin and the left 40

by Gao E. With vivid descriptions of the life in the big feudal clan of Jia, the novel reveals

the rise and fall of the feudal society in the Qing Dynasty. The novel shapes a large number

of characters and nearly forty are considered major ones. A lot of artistic works have been

produced based on the novel, among which the most successful is the TV series A Dream

of Red Mansions directed by Wang Fulin in 1987.

19、本草纲目

《本草纲目》(The Compendium of Materia Medica)是明代（the Ming Dynasty）著名的

医学家李时珍所著。
这部著作近乎 200 万字，记载药物(medical substance) 1892 种。

除了中草药（Chinese herhal medicine)，该书也包含了动物和矿物质作为药物的记载。

《本草纲目》堪称中医史上最完整的医书，对各种药物的名称、气味、形态等都做了

详尽的介绍。
它被翻译成 20 多种语言并在全世界广为流传。
即便现在，人们还常常

将它用作医学参考书。

参考译文：

The Compendium of Materia Medica is written by Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist

in the Ming Dynasty. With almost 2million Chinese characters, the book lists 1,892 kinds

of medical substances. Besides Chinese herbal medicines, it includes animals and minerals

used as medicinal substances. The Compendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most

complete medical book in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Detailed

introductions of all the medical substances are given in the book, including name, smell,

appearance, etc. It has been translated into more than 20languages and spreads all over the

world. Even now it is still often used as a reference book in medicine.

20、元青花瓷

元代(the Yuan Dynasty)是中国瓷器(porcelain)发展史上—个重要的时期。
基于先前朝

代的烧制技术景德镇成功地制作出青花瓷(the blue and white porcelain)。
元青花瓷富丽

雄浑，其风格与传统的瓷器大相径庭。
元青花瓷的出现也使景德镇成为当时世界制瓷

业的中心。
元青花瓷制作精美而且传世极少，因此异常珍贵。
青花瓷的制作在明清两

朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)得到进一步发展，其中的精品是许多收藏家的终极目

标。

参考译文：

The Yuan Dynasty is a key period in the development of Chinese porcelain industry. Based

on the firing techniques of former dynasties, the blue and white porcelains had been

successfully manufactured in Jingdezhen. The blue and white porcelains of the Yuan

Dynasty are grand and splendid, whose styles are quite different from those of the

traditional porcelains. The rising of blue and white porcelain in the YuanDynasty also made

Jingdezhen the center of the porcelain industry in the world at that time. Finely made and

rarely handed down, the blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are extremely

precious. The blue and white porcelains were further developed in the Ming and Qing

Dynasties. Some fine works are the dream targets for collector21、京剧脸谱

京剧脸谱(the facial makeup of Beijing Opera)是具有民族特色的一种独特的化妆方法。

它最大的特点在于借助不同的色彩来展示人物的性格。
脸谱的颜色使观众对人物的善

恶美丑一目了然。
通常红色代表忠诚；黑色象征正直；紫色意味公正；黄色喻示残暴

(brutality)。
此外，脸谱还常常带有图案(design)来表述某个故事，比如后羿脸谱上有九

个太阳，表明他曾经用箭射掉了九个太阳。

参考译文：

The facial makeup of Beijing Opera is a unique makeup method with Chinese national

characteristics. It has the best feature of showing the characters with various colorful facial

paintings. The audience knows the good or evil character of a role directly based on the

color of the face. Usually, red represents loyalty; black integrity; purple justice, and yellow

brutality. In addition, the facial makeup often comes with designs to tell some story. For

instance, Hou Yi has nine suns painted on his face, indicating that he has ever shot nine

suns from the sky.

22、黄颜色

自 古 以 来 黄 颜 色 就 与 中 国 传 统 文 化 有 着 紧 密 联 系 。
中 国 的 第 一 个 皇 帝 称 为 “黄

帝”(Yellow Emperor)；中华民族的母亲河为“黄河”；中国人的皮肤为“黄皮肤”。
五行

学说(the theory of five elements)认为黄颜色位居五行的中央，居于诸色之上，最为贵，

黄色也因此被定为皇帝服装的颜色。
明清两朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)，黄色为

皇家专用色彩，是权力的象征。
直到现在，黄色仍然是中国人最喜爱的颜色之一。

参考译文：

Since the ancient times, the color yellow has a close relationship with the Chinese

traditional culture. The first emperor in China was called "Yellow Emperor"；the Mother

River of the Chinese nation is the "Yellow River"；the Chinese people have "yellow skin".

According to the theory of five elements, yellow was in the middle of the five elements,

coming first of all colors. Therefore, it was viewed as the noblest color, a color for the

clothing of emperors. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, yellow was the exclusive color

for the Emperor families, which was a symbol of power. Until now, yellow is still one of

the Chinese favorite colors.

23、移动支付

过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展，随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐

成为一种趋势。
18 到 30 岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。
由于现在用手

机付款极容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。
为了

鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。
专家预测，中国移动支付市

场未来仍有很大发展潜力。

参考译文：

In the past few years, the mobile payment market has flourished in China. With the advent

of the mobile Internet, mobile shopping has gradually become a trend. Young people aged

between 18 and 30 constitute the largest group in the mobile payment market. (Youngpeople between the ages of 18 and 30 make up the largest segment of the mobile payment

market.) Since it is extremely easy to pay by mobile phone now, many consumers prefer to

pay by mobile phone when shopping, rather than in cash or by credit cards. (Because it is

so easy to pay by mobile now, many consumers would rather pay by mobile phone than in

cash or by credit card when shopping.) To encourage people to spend more, many stores

offer discounts to customers who use mobile payments. Experts predict that China's mobile

payment market still has great potential for development in the future.

24、七夕

七夕节(Double Seventh Festival)是中国最具浪漫色彩的传统节日。
每年农历(lunar

calendar)七月初七就是七夕节，亦称“乞巧节”。
七夕节起源于中国古代牛郎(Cowherd)

和织女(Weaver Maid)的爱情神话，他们的故事感动了一代又一代的中国人。
许多有情

男女会在七夕的晚上祈祷自己的姻缘美满，期望“有情人终成眷属”。
近年来，越来越

多的都市青年男女把这个节日当作“中国情人节”(Chinese Valentine's Day)。

参考译文：

The Double Seventh Festival is the most romantic traditional Chinese festival. Also known

as "Qiqiao Festival", it falls annually on the 7th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar.

The festival came from an ancient Chinese romantic fairy tale about the Cowherd and the

Weaver Maid, which has deeply moved generations of Chinese people. Many men and

women in love usually pray for a happy marriage on that night, hoping for "a happy ending

for true love". In recent years, more and more youngsters in cities celebrate the Double

Seventh Festival as Chinese Valentine's Day.

25、丽江古城

丽江古城有 800 多年的历史，曾经是茶马古道(the old teahorse road)上的一个贸易集

结点(confluence)。
丽江因其有序的水道和桥梁系统而闻名。
丽江古城在建筑、历史

及其原住民纳西族(the Naxi people)的文化传统方面不同于中国其他古城。
古城沿山

脉和河流而建，为我们提供了一个研究古代建筑的非常珍贵的样本。
独特的地理位

置、历史背景以及多民族的居民，都使丽江成为最特别的古城之一。

参考译文：

The old town of Lijiang has a history of more than 800 years and was once a confluence

for trade along the old tea horse road. It is famous for its orderly system of waterways and

bridges. The old town of Lijiang differs from other ancient Chinese cities in architecture,

history and the culture tradition of its local residents-the Naxi people. The town is built

along mountains and rivers, providing us with a very precious sample of the research on

the old-time architecture. The unique geographical location, historical background and

multiracial inhabitants make it one of the most special old towns.

26、太极拳

太极拳（Tai Chi）是一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。
它就像是一种舞蹈，却不

需要你随音乐起舞，而是需要你向内看，聆听内心的节奏。
它创自数千年前，原本

是一种武术（martial art）——一种自卫的技艺。
然而，它的武术方面如今不太流行了。
目前，全世界成千上万人练习它，主要是由于它对于人类健康的神奇作用。
它

将身体动作与平静、冥想的（meditative）心理状态结合起来，所以也被称作“冥想运

作（meditation motion）”。

参考译文：

Tai Chi is a series of slow movements that are aimed at training us physically and mentally.

It is just like a dance that requires you to look inside and dance to the internal rhythms

instead of music. It was created thousands of years ago as a martial art and specifically as

a defensive art. However, nowadays its martial aspect is not that popular. It is practiced by

thousands of people around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human

health. It is often called "meditation in motion" because it combines the body's movements

with a calm and meditative state of mind.

27、黄山

黄山位于安徽省南部。
它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。
要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，

通常得向上看。
但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。
黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是

中国主要产茶地之一。
这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。
黄山是中国主

要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。

参考译文：

Mount Huang is located in the south of Anhui province. Its landscape is unique, and it is

especially famous for its sunrise and sea of clouds. In order to appreciate

the magnificence of this great mountain, one has to look up, but to enjoy the beautiful

scenery of Mount Huang, one has to look down. Mount Huang’s humid climate is fit for the

growth of tea tree, and it is one of the major tea tree growing areas of China. There are also

many warm springs in Mount Huang, whose water is helpful for the prevention and

treatment of skin diseases. Mount Huang is one of the major tourist destinations in China,

and is also the most popular subject of photography and traditional Chinese paintings.

28、方言

中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。
方言在发音上差别最大，

词汇和语法差别较小。
有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以至于说

不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。
方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，

但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。
为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言，一些地方政府

已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本

地的文化遗产。

参考译文：

China is a vast country with a large population, and in many places people speak their

own dialects. Dialects differ most in pronunciation, but less in vocabulary and grammar.

Some dialects, especially those from the north and south, are so different that speakersof different dialects often have trouble understanding each other. Dialects are considered

an integral part of local culture, but the number of people who can speak them has been

decreasing in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak more local dialects,

some local governments have adopted approaches, such as opening dialect classes in

schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television in order to preserve

local cultural heritage.

29、中国菜系

中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰

富菜肴。
地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过

悠久历史的发展已经成形。
最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、

湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。
中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪

方法区分的，各有其长处。

参考译文：

China is a time-honored multi-ethnic nation with a vast territory and abundant resources,

and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape

after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate,

cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative

ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly

known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines”in China are

characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.

30、追星

“追星（star chasing）”是指人们对某个明星特别崇拜（worship），想要了解关于他/她

的一切，这种行为多发生在青少年中。
“追星”也是“双刃剑（double-edged sword）”，

盲目地“追星”会分散精力，影响到青少年的学习。
但若理性对待，它也有积极的一

面。
因为它可以让人拥有敬慕的对象，以他们为榜样，努力追求属于自己的成功未

来。
总之，“追星”有利也有弊，应该取其精华，弃其糟粕，从而树立健康的生活态度

和价值观。

参考译文：

Star chasing refers to one's worship for a celebrity and the strong feeling to know everything

about him or her. It mainly occurs among adolescents. Star chasing is also a double-edgedsword. Blindly chasing after stars will distract the attention of the youth from their study.

However, if treated rationally, it also has a positive side. With someone to respect, admire

and emulate, the adolescent will strive for a successful future. In short, there are both

advantages and disadvantages in star chasing. Its essence should be taken and the dross

discarded so as to foster healthy life, attitudes and values.

31、节日美食

我国食品种类繁多，节日食俗也丰富多彩。
春节(the Spring Festival)是我国的传统节日，

人们通常从它的前夜—除夕就开始张罗了。
除夕那天，家家户户都要吃很丰盛的年夜

饭。
因为“鱼”和“有余”的“余”读者相同，为了预示新年节庆有余，有些民族初一有吃

鱼的习俗。
端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)的重要食俗就是吃粽子(rice dumpling)。
粽

子越做越好，品种也越做越多。
在中国，吃月饼是中秋节(the Mid-Autumn Festival)最

具典型意义的食俗了。
农历八月十五这一 天，人们都喜欢合家团聚，边饮酒赏月，

边吃月饼。
中秋吃月饼的习俗已有悠久的历史。

参考译文：

China has a wide variety of food, and eating customs on festivals are also colorful. The

Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China, and people usually begin to bustle on New

Year's Eve, the evening before the Spring Festival. On that day, every family will have a

hearty reunion dinner. In order to predict a surplus for the coming year, some ethnic groups

have adopted the custom of eating fish on the first day of lunar January, because the sound

of Chinese character for “fish” is the same with that of “surplus”. Besides, the important

custom of the Dragon boat festival is eating rice dumplings, so rice dumplings are turning

better and better and the variety of them is becoming more and more diverse. In China,

eating moon cakes is the most typical custom on the Mid-Autumn Festival. On the15th day

of lunar August, people like to get together and have a family reunion, drinking,

appreciating the full moon and eating moon cakes which is a tradition of a long history.

32、饺子

每逢新春佳节，吃饺子(dumplings)已经成为中国的习俗。
究其原因，首先是因为饺

子形如金元宝(gold ingot)，人们在春节吃饺子取“招财进宝"之意；二是饺子有馅，便

于人们把各种吉祥的东西包到馅里，以寄托人们对新的一年的祈望。
人们常常将花

生、枣和栗子等包进馅里。
吃到花生的人将健康长寿，吃到枣和栗子的人将早生贵

子。
饺子因所包的馅和制作方法不同而种类繁多。
即使是同一种水饺，亦有不同的

吃法。

参考译文：

It's a Chinese custom to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. The first reason for it is

that dumplings are shaped like gold ingots. People eat dumplings during the Spring Festival,

wishing to bring in wealth and treasures. The second reason is that dumplings are stuffed

with fillings, allowing people to put a variety of auspicious things into it, and in this waypeople pin their hopes for the next year. People often put peanuts, Chinese Dates, and

chestnuts inside the dumplings. Those who eat peanuts will be healthy and live a long life;

those who eat Chinese dates and chestnuts will have a baby soon. There are a wide variety

of dumplings due to their diverse fillings inside and different methods of making. Even

dumplings of the same kind have different ways of eating.

33、清明节

清明节(the Tomb-Sweeping Day),又称“寒食节”，是中国人祭祀祖先最重要的节日。

清明节源于周朝，有 2000 多年的历史。
清明是中国 24 节气(24solar terms) 之一，它

预示着春天的来。
寒食节是人们为祖先扫墓、吃冷食的节日。
清明与寒 食节相连，

因此二者后来渐渐地成为一个节日，扫墓和吃冷食成了清明的习俗。
清明成了富有

文化含义、意义重大的纪念节日。
从古时起，就有很多有关清明的艺术作品和诗

作。
其中，唐代诗人杜牧写的《清明》家喻户晓。

参考译文：

Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as “Cold Food Festival' is the most important festival for

Chinese people to offer sacrifices to their ancestors. It sprang from the Zhou Dynasty, with

a history of over 2,000years. Qingming is one of the 24 solar terms in China, showing the

coming of spring. Cold Food Festival is a day when people sweep the ancestors' tombs and

eat cold food. Qingming was close to the Cold Food Festival, so later on they gradually

became one festival, and sweeping tombs and eating cold food turned into the customs of

Qingming. Qingming has evolved into a culture-rich and meaningful remembrance day.

Since ancient times, there have been a lot of works of art and poems about Qingming. Of

these, the Tomb-Sweeping Day composed by the poet Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty is a

household name.

34、24 节气

24 节气(24 solar terms)是统称，包括 12 节气（12 major solar terms)和 12 中气 (12

minor solar terms),它们彼此之间相互关联。
24 节气反映了天气变化，指导农 业耕

作，也影响着人们的生活。
春秋战国时期，人们开始使用节气作为补充历法

(calendar)。
公元前 104 年，24 节气最终确立。
众所周知，中国是个有着悠久农业发

展史的国家。
农业生产受自然规律影响极大。
在古代，农民根据太阳的运动安排 农

业生产活动。
24 节气考虑到了太阳的位置，这就是我们重视它的原因。

参考译文：

The 24 solar terms are the whole name of the system that consists of 12 major solar terms

and 12 minor solar terms linked with each other. It reflects climate change, guides

agriculture arrangements, and also affects people's life. In the Spring and Autumn Period

and the Warring States Period, people began to use solar terms as the supplementary

calendar. It was in 104 B, C. that the 24 solar terms were finally set down. As we all

know, China is a country with a long history of agriculture. Agricultural production is

largely influenced by the laws of nature. In ancient times, farmers arranged their

agricultural activities according to the move of : the sun. It is the fact that the 24 solar

terms take into account the position of the sun that makes us attach importance to it.