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If you decorate your house for the first time, besides the words written by the doctor, what the decorator says is the most headache for you. Like all industries, decoration also has its own set of \"jargon\", these jargon for the first contact with interior design and decoration people are very unfriendly!
如果你是第一次装修你的房子，除了医生写的字外，装修师说的最让你头疼。像所有行业一样，装饰也有自己的一套“行话”，这些行话对于第一次接触室内设计和装饰的人都很不友好！
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辅料和主材
Accessories and main materials
Decoration mode is to determine who provides the auxiliary materials and the main materials as the basis for the division, which belongs to the basic knowledge points.
装修模式是以谁提供辅助材料和主要材料为依据进行划分，属于基础知识点。
Accessories (also called substrates)
辅料（也叫基材）
Popularly speaking, it is the basic material. Generally, it needs to be processed or assembled by decoration masters on the spot.
一般来说，它是基础材料。一般情况下，需要装修师傅现场加工或组装。
For example, water pipes, strong and weak wires, cement River sand, bricks for wall building, keel for ceiling, gypsum board, latex paint, waterproof paint, sealant and some small hardware (screw, etc.) are all accessories.
如水管、强弱电线、水泥河砂、砌墙砖、天棚龙骨、石膏板、乳胶漆、防水涂料、密封胶、一些小五金（螺丝等）均为配件。
Main material
主材
Simply put, the material that can be directly installed or laid back is the \"big head\" of material budget.
简单地说，可以直接安装或放置的材料是材料预算的“大头”。
Chestnuts: wall tiles, sliding doors, all kinds of doors (except entrance doors), cabinets, sanitary wares, wooden floors, kitchen and toilet ceiling, stone and other personalized decorative materials are the main materials.
例如，墙砖、推拉门、橱柜、卫生洁具、木地板、厨房和卫生间天花板、石材等个性化装饰材料都属于主要材料。
In addition to the main materials and accessories, such as furniture, appliances, lamps, balconies and soft assembly accessories need to be purchased by the owners themselves, decoration companies generally do not include these things.
除了主材辅料，像家具家电、灯具、封阳台和软装配饰需要业主自行购买，装修公司一般不包含这些东西。
几种室内装修模式的优缺点
Advantages and disadvantages of several interior decoration modes
1.清包
It refers to a kind of contracting mode in which the owner purchases the auxiliary materials and the main materials by himself and seeks the decoration company or the decoration team to construct.
指业主自行采购辅助材料和主要材料，寻求装修公司或装修队伍施工的一种承包方式。
Simply put, all the materials used in the decoration should be purchased by the owner himself. The decoration company only gives workers and supervisors.
简言之，装修所用的材料均由业主自行采购。装修公司只给工人和主管。
Advantages: Suitable for personalized decoration needs, owners have absolute initiative.
优点：适合个性化装修需要，业主有绝对的主动性。
Disadvantages: large workload, more investment time, need to have a fairly mature professional knowledge.
缺点：工作量大，投资时间长，需要有比较成熟的专业知识。
Non-decoration professionals should not easily try, decoration companies rarely take this kind of work, the basic decoration team is doing, decoration effect can not be predicted.
非装修专业人士不应轻易尝试，装修公司很少接受这种工作，装修队伍基本上都在做，装修效果无法预测。
2.半包
The decoration company is responsible for the construction design and the procurement of auxiliary materials. The main materials are purchased by the owner.
装饰公司负责施工设计和辅助材料的采购。主要材料由业主采购。
Advantages: The quality of auxiliary materials and the overall construction design are controlled by professionals, with wide selection of main materials and more types.
优势：辅料质量和施工总体设计由专业人员控制，主材选择广泛，品种多。
Disadvantages: Owners need to invest a lot of time in selection, material distribution, replenishment costs and energy, without strict planning, it is easy to overspend.
缺点：业主需要投入大量的时间在选择、材料分配、补充成本和能源上，没有严格的计划，很容易超支。
Choosing materials is a time-consuming and energy-consuming task, so it's important to own a car. Half-pack is not suitable for office workers and friends who don't have a lot of free time. Budget is not easy to control.
选材是一项费时费力的工作，所以拥有一辆车很重要。半包不适合没有很多空闲时间的办公室工作人员和朋友。预算不容易控制。
3.全包
The decoration company provides main materials and accessories and participates in the decoration design of the whole project. The owner only needs to participate in project communication, budget review and project acceptance.
装饰公司提供主要材料和配件，参与整个项目的装饰设计。业主只需参与项目沟通、预算审查和项目验收。
Advantages: The owner maximizes his own time, as long as he communicates ideas with the designer in time, supervises the basic progress of the project and acceptance site conditions.
优点：业主最大限度地利用自己的时间，只要及时与设计单位沟通，监督工程的基本进度和验收现场条件。
Disadvantages: Different decoration companies, pricing methods are different, including the details of the project will be different, the materials used are also different grades, need owners to carefully compare.
缺点：装修公司不同，定价方法也不同，包括工程细节会有所不同，所用材料也有不同的档次，需要业主仔细比较。
Choosing a reliable company is particularly important. Now the 80's and 90's students have become the main force of decoration. Overall decoration is a more recommended way.
选择一家可靠的公司尤为重要。现在80年代和90年代的学生已经成为装饰的主力军，整体装饰是一个更推荐的方式。
Hidden works mainly include hydroelectric transformation, waterproofing and other projects, belonging to the trunk of the whole house, poor quality will directly affect daily life.
隐蔽工程主要包括水电改造、防水等工程，属于整个房屋的躯体，质量差将直接影响日常生活。
水电改造
It is a project connecting the whole house water supply and power supply system. Because of the difficulty and high cost of later maintenance, the quality must be well controlled.
它是一个连接整个房屋供水和供电系统的工程。由于后期维修难度大、成本高，质量必须得到很好的控制。
According to the design plan, the original line of the house should be adjusted and increased to achieve a better use experience. Generally, the new house decoration, do not recommend the replacement of all the original lines, the cost of investment is too high and unnecessary (except for the aging of the second-hand house transformation lines).
根据设计方案，对房屋原有线路进行调整和增加，以达到更好的使用体验。一般来说，新房装修时，不建议全部更换原有线路，投资成本太高且不必要（除二手房改造线路老化外）。
Hydropower renovation is based on the owner's personal requirements to plan, fixed-point pre-decoration company can not give accurate prices. Therefore, before signing the decoration contract, it is necessary to understand clearly the unit price of various specifications of pipelines, the brand type of materials used, labor costs and so on.
水电改造是根据业主个人要求进行规划，定点预装修公司不能给出准确的价格。因此，在签订装修合同之前，必须清楚地了解各种规格管道的单价、所用材料的品牌类型、人工成本等。
强电
Mainly refers to the 220 V AC at home, such as electric lights, power outlets.
主要指家用220伏交流电，如电灯、电源插座等。
Common specifications of household wires are 2.5, 4 and 6 levels, and higher specifications are mainly used for these types (square millimeters, referring to the area of cross-section of wires).
家用电线的通用规格为2.5、4、6级，更高规格主要用于这些类型（平方毫米，指电线横截面积）。
Generally, 2.5 level wires are mainly used for lighting and power outlet lines, 4 level wires are mainly used for general air-conditioning wiring and kitchen main wiring layout, 6 level wires are mainly used for central air-conditioning wiring (higher specifications are mainly for some special needs).
一般情况下，2.5级电线主要用于照明和电源插座线路，4级电线主要用于一般空调布线和厨房主布线布局，6级电线主要用于中央空调布线（更高规格主要用于某些特殊需求）。
弱电
Refers to information lines at home, such as telephone, network, video, audio lines, etc.
指家中的信息线，如电话线、网络线、视频线、音频线等。
The strong and weak current specifications require that the wires and pipes should not be in the same bottom box, and that tin paper should be used as shielding treatment in the intersections.
强弱电规范要求电线、管道不在同一底盒内，交叉处用锡纸作屏蔽处理。
打压测试
Before waterway construction, it is necessary to do once to check whether the reserved pipes of developers are qualified; after finishing decoration construction, it is also necessary to do once, mainly to check whether the pipe connection or PP-R pipe fusion is qualified, and whether there is leakage.
水路施工前，必须检查开发商预留管道是否合格；装修施工完成后，还必须检查一次，主要检查管道连接或PP-R管熔接是否合格，是否有渗漏。
Specific operation is to use a special pressure pump, 0.6-0.8 MPa constant pressure for half an hour, usually pressure drop does not exceed 0.05, in order to qualify for acceptance, students had better personally participate in ensuring that there is no mistake.
具体操作是使用专用的压力泵，0.6-0.8兆帕恒压半小时，通常压降不超过0.05，为了符合验收条件，学生最好亲自参加，确保无误。
防水工程
Waterproofing is required in toilets, kitchens, balconies and other places that are easily damp or leaky.
厕所、厨房、阳台和其他容易受潮或漏水的地方需要防水。
Closed water test
闭水试验
It is mainly used to test the waterproof effect. Normally, the water-proof test can be started when the water-proof is completely dry.
主要用于测试防水效果。一般情况下，当防水完全干燥时，可以开始进行防水试验。
The storage depth is generally 5-10 cm and the storage time is 24-48 hours. There is no obvious drop in the water level, and no leakage is qualified for downstairs inspection.
储存深度一般为5-10cm，储存时间为24-48小时。水位无明显下降，无渗漏，符合楼下检查要求。
To compare a house to a rectangular box, decoration is just a process of building on the walls, floors and roofs to achieve the desired effect of the owners. As mentioned before.
把房子比作一个长方形的盒子，装饰只是一个在墙壁、地板和屋顶上建造的过程，以达到业主想要的效果。
let's talk about \"nouns\" about walls and floors.
如前所述，我们来谈谈关于墙壁和地板的“名词”。
墙体结构
wall structure
Load-bearing wall: As many friends know, it is a kind of wall (reinforced concrete structure) that can bear the weight of the building. It can't be demolished.
承重墙：很多朋友都知道，它是一种可以承受建筑物重量的墙（钢筋混凝土结构）。它不能被拆掉。
New houses generally have the original household plan, it is necessary to remember that the walls marked with thick black lines on the map are load-bearing walls.
新房一般都有原来的户型图，需要记住的是，在地图上用粗黑线标出的墙都是承重墙。
Shear wall: The main function is to play an anti-seismic role in the horizontal direction. Like the load-bearing wall, it can not be demolished. After demolishing, it will reduce the overall strength of the building and cause harm.
剪力墙：主要作用是在水平方向起到抗震作用。像承重墙一样，它不能被拆除。拆除后会降低建筑物的整体强度，造成危害。
Non-load-bearing wall: The owner can change the pattern of the wall by himself, which can not bear the load. However, when it comes to wall demolition, it is better to check with the household plan clearly, safety first.
非承重墙：业主可自行改变墙型，不能承受荷载。但是，在墙体拆除时，最好与户型图核对清楚，安全第一。
Whether it is a bearing wall or not is not decided by its thickness. It is all based on the original household plan. Do not demolish the wall at will.
它是不是承重墙不是由它的厚度决定的。这都是基于原始户型图，千万不要随意拆墙。
墙面
metope
Wall construction process is generally: remove the original wall lime layer (after shoveling pits need gypsum repair), brush the interface agent or wall fixture installation PVC corner brush once gypsum brush twice putty brush twice latex primer brush twice topcoat.
墙面施工工艺一般为：清除原有墙面石灰层（铲坑后需石膏修补），刷界面剂或墙面固定装置安装PVC角刷一次石膏刷二次腻子刷二次乳胶底漆刷二次面漆。
Interface agent: also known as wall solidification, after scraping the original wall, it needs to brush the interface agent. It mainly plays a role of removing dust on the wall surface and increasing the adhesion with putty, so as to make the wall material brush more uniformly.
界面剂：又称壁固化剂，刮完原壁后，需要刷界面剂。主要起到清除墙面灰尘、增加腻子附着的作用，使墙面材料刷得更均匀。
Putty: The main ingredients are talcum powder and glue. If the wall is rough, it is impossible to paint. At this time, we need to use gypsum to leveling, then scrape putty twice to prepare for latex paint brushing.
油灰：主要成分是滑石粉和胶水。如果墙壁粗糙，就不可能粉刷。这时，我们需要用石膏抹平，然后刮腻子两遍，准备刷乳胶漆。
One bottom and two sides: refers to the process of painting one primer and two topcoats while brushing latex paint. Primer has good adhesion, and the combination with putty can lay a solid wall foundation for painting.
一底二面：指刷乳胶漆时刷一道底漆和两道面漆的过程。底漆具有良好的附着力，与腻子的结合可为涂装打下坚实的墙基。
Wallpaper/kick line: Wallpaper refers to the wall around, with decorative panels or boards to cover the wall bread (a certain height from the ground), as if to wear a skirt on the wall;
壁纸/踢脚线：壁纸是指四周的墙面，用装饰板或木板覆盖墙面面包（离地面一定高度），仿佛要在墙上穿裙子；
As the name implies, the kicking line is a circle of solid wood or PVC material lines in the wall area where the foot can be kicked. The height generally varies from 8 to 15 cm.
顾名思义，踢脚线是一个实木或PVC材质的圆，在墙壁区域，脚可以踢。高度一般在8到15厘米之间。
Door cover: refers to a doorframe around the door, which can play a role of fixing the doors and protecting the corner.
门套：指门周围的门框，起到固定门和保护转角的作用。
Single/bilateral door cover: Single door cover is installed on one side of the door, and double door cover is installed on both sides of the door.
单门/双门盖：单门盖安装在门的一侧，双门盖安装在门的两侧。
Yakou: Simply speaking, it refers to the location of door holes without door jackets. It is generally a circle around the door holes.
垭口：简单地说，就是没有门套的门洞的位置。通常是门孔周围的一个圆。
地面工程
Surface engineering
Simple floor material we do not mention much, friends should all know that the basic floor tiles these, we talk about technology.
简单的地板材料我们不多说，朋友们都应该知道，基本的地板瓷砖这些，我们谈工艺。
Leveling: refers to the application of cement mortar to the ground with insufficient smoothness in order to meet the basic standard of floor laying.
找平：指为满足地面铺设的基本标准，在平整度不够的地面上使用水泥砂浆。
Self-leveling: a way to find leveling, the specific operation mentioned in the previous tweet, interested students poke the floor tiles here to see tired, it is better to try grass this cement field!
自流平：找一种找平整的方法，具体操作在之前的推文中提到，感兴趣的同学在这里戳地砖看累了，最好试试这片水泥地上的草！
Backfill: Some bathrooms are sunken, which is 30-40 cm lower than the floor of other rooms. After the pipeline is laid, it is necessary to fill the sinking space with materials. This process is called backfilling.
回填：部分卫生间下沉，比其他房间地面低30-40cm。管道铺设后，必须用材料填充下沉空间。这个过程叫做回填。
Coal cinder and ceramsite are high quality backfilling materials. It is extremely immoral to use building cinder as filling materials.
煤渣和陶粒是优质的回填材料。用建筑灰渣作填料是极不道德的。
Ground solidification: It is a kind of construction material for sealing treatment of cement ground, which can be understood as interface agent, and has the function of preventing and reducing ash on the ground.
地面固化：是水泥地面密封处理的一种建筑材料，可以理解为界面剂，具有防止和减少地面灰份的作用。
Joint treatment: When laying wall and floor tiles, considering the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of ceramic tiles, there will be some space left. Later, you need to fill in the tile seam. This is the seam. In terms of aesthetic degree, porcelain sealant > sealant > traditional sealant.
接缝处理：墙面地砖铺设时，考虑到瓷砖的热胀冷缩特性，会留有一定的空间。稍后，您需要填充瓷砖接缝。这就是接缝。从美学角度看，陶瓷密封胶>密封胶>传统密封胶。
Press strip: Also called button strip, when floor tile floor is laid at the door, it is necessary to use press strip to connect ground materials.
压条：又称按钮条，门处铺地砖地面时，必须用压条将地面材料连接起来。
The whole house is paved together without stripping; if not, the two areas are separated by stripping.
整栋房子都是铺在一起的，没有剥离的话，两个区域就被剥离分开了。
Threshold Stone: Also known as doorstone, mainly in the kitchen and toilet and other space transition doorway paving, generally stone.
门槛石：又称门石，主要在厨房和卫生间等空间过渡的门口铺砌，一般为石材。
Mainly plays a transition and water-retaining function, the height is generally higher than the kitchen floor 5-10 mm.
主要起过渡保水作用，高度一般高于厨房地板5-10毫米。
\"Upstairs and downstairs, lights, telephones, water, just twist it.\"
“楼上楼下，电灯，电话，用水，只要扭一下。”
These things, which seemed extravagant decades ago, have already spread to thousands of families. Nowadays, the trouble that young people face is the choice of a wide variety of household applications.
几十年前，这些看似奢侈的东西已经传到了数千个家庭。如今，年轻人面临的问题是如何选择各种各样的家庭应用。
Central air conditioning: Like ordinary air conditioning, the main function is to adjust the indoor temperature. Unlike ordinary air conditioning, the equipment is hidden in the ceiling, which usually needs 20-30 cm, leaving only the air outlet outside.
中央空调：与普通空调一样，主要功能是调节室内温度。与普通空调不同的是，这种设备隐藏在天花板上，天花板通常需要20-30厘米，只剩下室外的出风口。
Save space, not to mention, will not destroy the integrity of housing style. Generally, it is a form of multi-line, that is, an external machine corresponds to several air outlets, we should pay attention to the height of the floor and floor (floor height is too low, ceiling will make people feel depressed).
节省空间，更不用说，不会破坏住宅风格的完整性。一般来说，它是一种多线的形式，即一台外置机对应多个出风口，要注意地板和地板的高度（地板高度太低，天花板会使人感到压抑）。
Heating system: divided into heating sheet and floor heating, heating sheet is open, generally installed under the window sill. Ground heating is installed in the dark, under wooden floors and floor tiles.
暖气系统：分为暖气片和地暖，暖气片是明装，一般安装在窗台下面。地暖是暗装的，铺装在木地板和地砖下面。
Ventilator: Like central air conditioning, it can be understood as a hanging machine hidden in the ceiling, which also needs the ceiling. Unlike the central air conditioning, the general air duct machine is a single external machine to control an outlet, which belongs to one-to-one machine.
风管机：与中央空调一样，可以理解为藏在吊顶里的挂机，同样需要吊顶。和中央空调不同的是，一般风管机是单独一台外部机器控制一个出风口，属于一对一的机子。
Fresh Air System: For most friends, it belongs to a very strange knowledge point. It can be simply understood as supplying fresh air to a closed indoor through pipeline equipment, and then discharging exhaust gas from the other side to the outdoor so as to realize the indoor fresh air exchange system.
新风系统：对于大多数朋友来说，它属于一个非常奇怪的知识点。它可以简单地理解为通过管道设备向封闭的室内提供新鲜空气，然后将另一侧的废气排放到室外，从而实现室内室外空气交换。
It should be noted that the fresh air system does not have the function of regulating temperature and has the function of filtering PM2.5 in the air.
需要注意的是，新风系统不具有温度调节功能，具有过滤空气中PM2.5的功能。
Central water purification system: including pre-filter, central filter, water softener, water purifier and other components of the water purification system.
中央净水系统：包括预滤器、中央过滤器、软水器、净水器等净水系统部件。
Installation points are scattered, water inlet is equipped with pre-water purifier; kitchen or equipment room is equipped with central filter and pure water equipment to provide direct drinking water; toilet is equipped with soft water equipment to provide weak alkali water.
安装点分散，进水口设前置净水器；厨房或设备间设中央过滤器和纯水设备，提供直接饮用水；卫生间设软水设备，提供弱碱水。
The choice of central water purification system mainly depends on the size of the home and the actual situation.
中央净水系统的选择主要取决于家庭规模和实际情况。
More than 150 square meters directly consider the central water purification system, covering household drinking, rinsing and other water purification functions, water experience is excellent; under 150 square meters, can install pre-filter and water purifier, cost-effective.
150多平方米直接考虑中央净水系统，涵盖家庭饮用水、漂洗等净水功能，水的使用体验极好；150平方米以下，可安装前置过滤器和净水器，性价比高。
装修从来都是摸石头过河，对那些冷门的“装修名词”有疑问的朋友欢迎在评论区留言
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